It is a pleasure to serve under your chairmanship, Ms Bardell. I thank the right hon. Member for East Ham (Stephen Timms) for securing this debate and acknowledge the strength of feeling on adult dependent relative visas as articulated by other Members. The family immigration rules were reformed in July 2012 to ease the burden on taxpayers, promote integration, and tackle abuse while ensuring fair family migration to the UK. Under these rules, adult dependants must demonstrate that they require long-term personal care from a close relative in the UK without recourse to public funds, applying from overseas rather than while in the UK as visitors. The Government's duty is to formulate fair immigration policies for both migrants and taxpayers, ensuring no unfair burden on the NHS or social care system. The current rules aim to support those most in need of care but do not provide a routine expectation of settlement for parents and grandparents aged 65 or over due to significant costs to public services. There is no evidence that medical professionals have been deterred from applying to work in the UK since revised rules were implemented, and demand for skilled worker visas has increased. The NHS has made savings estimated at around £249 million over ten years with these changes while considering alternative methods like mandatory healthcare insurance or bond schemes but found them potentially unreasonable and discriminatory. The Government continues to review policies to ensure fairness across society and protect public services.