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Myanmar
02 February 2021
Lead MP
Nigel Adams
Debate Type
Ministerial Statement
Tags
Crime & Law EnforcementDemocracy & ElectionsForeign Affairs
Other Contributors: 28
At a Glance
Nigel Adams raised concerns about myanmar in the House of Commons. A government minister responded. Other MPs also contributed.
How the Debate Unfolded
MPs spoke in turn to share their views and ask questions. Here's what each person said:
Government Statement
On Sunday evening, the Tatmadaw seized control of Myanmar and declared a state of emergency. The army detained political leaders including Aung San Suu Kyi and President Win Myint, accusing them of electoral fraud despite international observers confirming no significant irregularities in the November elections where the NLD won overwhelmingly. The UK condemns this coup, calling for the release of detainees, respect for election results, and a return to democracy. The Foreign Secretary is coordinating with global partners, including ASEAN and UN Security Council members, to pressure Myanmar's military to restore democratic governance. Existing sanctions on 16 individuals involved in human rights violations are under review, along with indirect support involving the Myanmar Government.
Stephen Kinnock
Lab
Aberavon Maesteg
Question
What specific measures will the UK take to address this coup? The minister mentioned reviewing aid, but what about sanctions on the military and extending an arms embargo?
Minister reply
The statement outlined reviews of indirect support involving the Myanmar Government. Regarding sanctions, we are assessing options to hold the military accountable.
Stephen Kinnock
Lab
Aberavon Maesteg
Question
What actions have been taken regarding consular support for UK citizens in Myanmar?
Minister reply
The Foreign Office is providing consular assistance to British nationals in Myanmar, ensuring their safety and well-being during the crisis.
Stephen Kinnock
Lab
Aberavon Maesteg
Question
Stephen Kinnock urged the Minister to impose sanctions on Myanmar's military, extend an arms embargo, support Gambia at ICJ, ensure aid reaches Rohingya in Bangladesh, and asked about consular support for UK citizens in Myanmar.
Minister reply
Nigel Adams thanked Stephen Kinnock for his response. He mentioned that 16 individuals responsible for human rights violations have been sanctioned. An arms embargo is supported by the UK, transitioning it from EU law to domestic law after Brexit. The UK supports the ICJ process and has urged Myanmar to comply with provisional measures. The UK is the second largest donor in Bangladesh supporting Rohingya refugees.
Thomas Tugendhat
Con
Tonbridge
Question
Thomas Tugendhat welcomed the statement, noting that Myanmar's military are thieves and not servants of the people given their poor vaccination record. He urged for a peaceful reconvening of the National Assembly.
Minister reply
Nigel Adams agreed with Thomas Tugendhat’s point about Myanmar’s military being more interested in commercial gains than public interest, as evidenced by their actions during this coup.
Question
Alyn Smith expressed agreement with the Minister's statement and urged further action such as additional sanctions on the Burmese military as an organisation. He also asked about coordination with the EU, assessment of the Rohingya situation, and readiness to provide more aid if necessary.
Minister reply
Nigel Adams thanked Alyn Smith for his cooperative tone. He stated that UK is liaising with international partners including the EU on this issue, spending £88 million in Myanmar and almost a third of a billion pounds since 2017 supporting humanitarian aid for Rohingya refugees.
Question
I found myself deeply disappointed when Aung San Suu Kyi chose to take no action against the genocide of Rohingya, but that grave failure should not temper our condemnation of the quasi-constitutional military coup. Will my hon. Friend the Minister further outline what his Department is doing to promote the fundamental and universal rights of democracy, freedom and liberty in Burma in light of the recent events?
Minister reply
The United Kingdom places the highest premium on respect for democracy and the rules-based international system. We have been talking to regional and international partners about that, and we call on Myanmar to respect the principles of the ASEAN charter, including the rule of law, good governance, as I mentioned, and the principles of democracy and constitutional government.
Imran Hussain
Lab
Bradford East
Question
For over three years, I have repeatedly called for the Government to enact sanctions against the Burmese military for its brutality in the Rohingya genocide. Does the Minister now agree that this military coup shows that those were unfounded claims and, frankly, poor excuses for refusing to act in the face of the genocide against the Rohingya?
Minister reply
The United Kingdom has already imposed sanctions on military individuals, including the commander-in-chief and his deputy. We sanctioned all six of the individuals named by the UN fact-finding mission report.
Question
The actions of the Myanmar military are an assault on democracy and the democratically legitimate Government. Does my hon. Friend agree that it is vital that they immediately confirm the safety of Aung San Suu Kyi?
Minister reply
My hon. Friend is absolutely right to raise the safety of Aung San Suu Kyi. The Prime Minister had a phone call with Aung San Suu Kyi before Christmas and the Foreign Secretary was due to have a phone call with her this week.
Layla Moran
Lib Dem
Oxford West and Abingdon
Question
The major player in this crisis is China, which Myanmar is far more dependent on than others. The relationship between the military and the Chinese Government has in the past been ambiguous. Notwithstanding whatever grievances we may have in respect of the Uyghurs and Hong Kong, this is a moment in which we should be working together, including with China, to solve this crisis. Can the Minister make an assessment of China’s likely response at this time? Have our Government had conversations with the Chinese Government about such a co-ordinated international response?
Minister reply
The Foreign Secretary is leading on this issue with the G7 and we hope to have some further news in that regard in the next day or so. We are absolutely on the front foot internationally in that regard.
Alec Shelbrooke
Con
Wetherby and Easingwold
Question
The events in Myanmar have shown that democracy is fragile. Will my hon. Friend the Minister not only work with the G7, as he said, but impress upon the new US Administration how important it is for established western democracies to show strength?
Minister reply
We are absolutely working through the G7 and engaging the UN Human Rights Council. As I said, we are urgently convening the UN Security Council. We have engaged with our American friends at both official level and at Foreign Secretary level.
Kerry McCarthy
Lab
Bristol East
Question
I have been privileged to visit Myanmar as an observer at the NLD’s first party conference, which was a time of great optimism that was sadly not entirely fulfilled. It is now clear that we could have handled things differently in that interim period by applying more pressure for constitutional reform and reducing the power of the military. Will the Minister say a bit more about what we hope to achieve by sanctions now?
Minister reply
We are absolutely clear that there were human rights violations in Myanmar. We sanctioned all six of the individuals named by the UN fact-finding mission report.
Question
I welcome the Minister’s statement. With that in mind, I echo other Members’ calls for further sanctions. May I also draw his attention to the humanitarian violations going on and the need to create a preventing-sexual-violence-in-conflict body in this country with international co-operation?
Minister reply
We are working with international partners on all the issues he refers to, and we will continue to do so. We are monitoring the situation extremely closely.
Tan Dhesi
Lab
Slough
Question
This appalling military coup and overthrow of a democratically elected Government is undoubtedly a major setback for the progress and development of Myanmar. What is the Minister doing to spearhead an international effort to ensure that there is no further crackdown by the authoritarian military regime on the hundreds of thousands of Rohingya still in Myanmar?
Minister reply
We are alert to the possibility of all sorts of horrific violence, such as identity-based violence, being committed—there are reports of that. We are one of the largest donors to Rakhine state, which is one of the poorest states in Myanmar.
Question
I thank my hon. Friend for his statement. Will he update the House on what steps the Government are taking to mobilise international diplomacy against the Myanmar military?
Minister reply
We are working through multilateral forums to ensure that there is a strong and co-ordinated international response. As I have said previously, we have urgently convened the UN Security Council for today.
Question
May I associate myself with the remarks of the Minister and the two Opposition Front-Bench spokespersons? The Minister has reminded us that the commander-in-chief and his deputy are responsible for the current emergency situation in Myanmar. They and their associates are also responsible for the wholesale and systematic campaign of rape, torture and murder of the Rohingya Muslims, entirely for racist reasons. Can he give us an assurance that, in among the other discussions that are now required within the international community, high up on the agenda will be a restated determination that everyone who was responsible for those atrocities in Myanmar will one day be brought to justice and held to account for their crimes?
Minister reply
The hon. Gentleman is right to raise this. We must ensure that there is accountability for those who have committed atrocities. The United Kingdom is clear that the Myanmar military undertook a campaign of ethnic cleansing against the Rohingya in 2017, and we are pushing for those guilty of atrocities to be held to account. In our joint statement to the UN Security Council on 11 September, we called for Myanmar to make progress on this accountability, and in the current absence of a credible domestic process, all options must be on the table, including referral to the International Criminal Court.
Question
I thank my hon. Friend for his statement today on the concerning situation in Myanmar. Does he agree that the UK must be at the forefront of condemning these actions at the United Nations?
Minister reply
My hon. Friend is absolutely right. Yes, we are engaging with a range of partners to encourage dialogue, peaceful resolution of the crisis and, importantly, the restoration of democracy. The Foreign Secretary has been speaking to his counterparts from other states and has a call scheduled with the US Secretary of State for later this week. He will also be speaking to the Japanese Foreign and Defence Ministers this week, and the Prime Minister is trying to arrange a call with his Japanese counterpart. We will work through multilateral forums to ensure a strong and co-ordinated international response.
Jeremy Corbyn
Ind
Islington North
Question
Obviously, we must all absolutely condemn the coup in Myanmar. It is appalling what has happened, but sadly, the overpowering, brutal presence of the military has been a feature of the lives of people in Myanmar since the 1960s. Even during the recent slightly more democratic period in Myanmar’s history, the military have occupied a special place in which they have been essentially untrammelled by any democratic accountability whatsoever, and the Rohingya people have suffered and will continue to suffer as a result of that. Hopefully, one day, we will look forward to a more democratic Myanmar. Does the Minister agree that when that happy day eventually comes, there has to be a constitution that does not give unaccountable power to the military but instead brings them under the control of a parliamentary democracy? I am pleased that the Minister mentioned the United Nations Human Rights Council in his statement and one of his responses. Would it be possible for him to urge the UN Human Rights Council to put together very rapidly a delegation to be sent both to Myanmar and to Cox’s Bazar to examine the human rights abuses that have happened, take the necessary evidence and condemn those that should be condemned—sadly including Aung San Suu Kyi, who stood up in support of the military when her country was quite rightly condemned for the treatment of the Rohingya people?
Minister reply
I thank the right hon. Gentleman for his question. We will of course continue to work through all multilateral forums, including at today’s meeting of the UN Security Council, which we brought forward, and by pulling together our G7 partners, in order to have the appropriate response. It is absolutely key that Myanmar respects the result of the November election and, more importantly, accepts the expressed wish of the people of Myanmar.
Nusrat Ghani
Con
Sussex Weald
Question
I welcome the Minister’s statement. In a previous job, I was in Myanmar for the BBC. It is so depressing watching this new tragedy unfold. The UN Security Council is holding an emergency meeting today, which is of course incredibly welcome. Does the Minister share my concern that China’s stranglehold on UN institutions and its alleged closeness to the Myanmar military mean that it might stifle the meeting today and going forward? Can he offer any succour for people like me who have those concerns?
Minister reply
I thank my hon. Friend for her remarks. Of course, we must work closely with our international partners. That is why we have brought forward today’s meeting at the UN Security Council. Obviously, we cannot second-guess the outcome of the meeting this afternoon. I share many of my hon. Friend’s concerns about the ability of countries to veto action in that multilateral body, but be in no doubt that the United Kingdom is on the front foot and is leading the international response on this crisis.
Chris Bryant
Lab
Rhondda and Ogmore
Question
The Burmese military is as financially corrupt as it is brutal and anti-democratic. The Burmese military have managed to squirrel away stolen assets from the Burmese people, in the UK, in British overseas territories and in other democratic countries in the world. Can we not do more to make sure that they can be returned to the Burmese people? While China still plays a role in refusing to allow those who are accused of genocides to come to a proper international court, how can the Minister be sure that those that perpetrate genocide are not just going to get away with it? If we cannot get such determinations in an international court, would it not make sense that they are made in a court of law in the UK?
Minister reply
I understand the point that the hon. Gentleman is trying to make. On the reference to genocide, we have been very clear that we support the current case in the ICJ process, putting pressure on Myanmar. I think the case will develop significantly in the coming months; we are monitoring that case very closely. We are going to very closely consider the legal arguments and, for example, establish whether a UK intervention would add value in the current case that has been brought to the ICJ.
Question
This is a huge setback for the people of Myanmar and for the development of open societies in the ASEAN region as a whole. The civil disobedience movement started by Government hospital doctors suggests an awful potential for protests and violence. While the Minister is quite right to highlight UK initiatives for an emergency session of the UN Security Council and with ASEAN, which has called for a return to normality, can I ask what contacts my hon. Friend and his Department have had with China to discuss the best way to return stability as soon as possible?
Minister reply
I thank my hon. Friend, who I know is extremely passionate, for all the work that he does on behalf of Her Majesty’s Government in that region. ASEAN does have an important role to play. I had meetings with the Thai Vice Minister this morning. Yesterday, I spoke with the Laos ambassador, and I have further calls with all ASEAN nations over the next 48 hours. It is important that there is adherence to the principles of the ASEAN charter, which includes good governance and the rule of law. We will, of course, be speaking with China in this regard, as it is a significant player in the region.
Rushanara Ali
Lab
Bethnal Green and Stepney
Question
This coup is the latest in a horrifying series of actions by the Myanmar military against the people of that country. We must do all we can to secure the immediate release of the democratically elected leader and all those who have been detained unlawfully. The military, led by General Min Aung Hlaing, have been acting for years with impunity, including in the atrocities committed against the Rohingya and other minorities. The interventions of our Government, as well as those of the international community, have been insufficient. The UN Security Council meeting today is critically important, and I welcome that. Can the Minister tell the House whether our Government will be pushing for further tougher, targeted sanctions against the Burmese military and formally supporting the genocide prevention case at the International Court of Justice, led by the Gambia, to protect the remaining Rohingya people in that country? It is not good enough for the Minister to keep saying, “We are reviewing it,” or, “We are supporting it, but we are not prepared to formally support it yet.” It is time that we took action. If this coup is not enough to force our Government to act, then I do not know what else will force them to act to get behind this case. I hope the Minister can be more vociferous in answering those questions today.
Minister reply
I thank the hon. Lady for her question. We have had meetings on this matter directly. We are using our penholder role to ensure that Myanmar stays on the UN Security Council agenda. We convened the Security Council three times last year to discuss the case brought by Gambia, covid and the situation in Rakhine and the Chin states. We have been very clear that Myanmar has to make progress on accountability. The case will develop significantly in the coming months and, as I said in a previous answer, we will be carefully monitoring developments to consider the legal arguments to establish whether a UK intervention would add value.
Henry Smith
Con
Crawley
Question
Welcomes the Foreign Secretary reviewing UK international development assistance to Myanmar, particularly given recent events. Criticises past failures and human rights abuses against the Rohingya and Chin people.
Minister reply
Acknowledges concerns but highlights ongoing humanitarian aid efforts in Rakhine state, emphasising support for peaceful reconvening of National Assembly and respect for election results.
Sam Tarry
Lab
Ilford South
Question
Concerned about Rohingya refugees facing greater persecution post-coup. Asks what measures the Government has taken to protect them.
Minister reply
Emphasises close cooperation with partners for lifesaving humanitarian assistance in Rakhine state, alert to possibility of further violence and committed to providing aid to vulnerable areas.
Felicity Buchan
Con
Central Suffolk and North Ipswich
Question
Welcomes the call for a UN Security Council meeting but asks about approach given permanent members' veto powers.
Minister reply
Highlights UK's urgency in convening the UNSC meeting, noting international partners' concern over Myanmar situation.
Jim Shannon
DUP
Strangford
Question
Critiques past actions against Rohingya community and asks if failure to act then has emboldened current military leaders.
Minister reply
Acknowledges ongoing commitment, highlights sanctions imposed on individuals named in UN fact-finding report.
Jamie Wallis
Con
Taunton Deane
Question
Asks if existing sanctions show UK's long-standing action against human rights abuses.
Minister reply
Agrees, emphasising leadership and monitoring situation closely with international partners.
Patrick Grady
SNP
North Glasgow
Question
Inquires about impact of cutting aid budget from 0.7% to 0.5% GNP on humanitarian funding for Myanmar and Rohingya refugees.
Minister reply
Commits to continuing support for the poorest and most vulnerable, reviewing all UK aid spending in Myanmar to ensure not indirectly supporting military regime.
Shadow Comment
Stephen Kinnock
Shadow Comment
The Labour party condemns the military coup as a violation of Myanmar's constitution and democracy. The UK must impose sanctions targeting the military and its business interests, extend an arms embargo globally, support Gambia in its genocide case against Myanmar at the ICJ, and ensure humanitarian aid reaches refugees. Stephen Kinnock criticises the lack of concrete actions such as sanctions and support for legal proceedings.
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