Carmichael acknowledges Leadsom's points about the energy trilemma and suggests a fundamental rethink in how we regulate the industry, referencing a previous proposal for an interconnector that was halted due to concerns over stranded assets.

Beresford supports expanding nuclear power, particularly small modular reactors, to address the issue of days when renewable energy fails and we need to import electricity from countries like Belgium.

Mr Blackford emphasises the urgency of investing in green energy, highlighting Scotland's potential in renewable energy. He discusses opportunities such as offshore wind, tidal power, pumped hydro storage, and carbon capture and storage. He also points out that households are facing extreme fuel poverty due to rising energy costs, urging for a comprehensive strategy to address this issue.

Welcomes the debate on the energy trilemma, highlighting the need to balance energy security, affordability and sustainability. Acknowledges the global context of increased energy prices caused by post-covid recovery and Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Supports Government’s aid for households and businesses during challenging times but emphasises that affordability best comes from a reliable supply of diverse sources of energy. Highlights UK's progress in reducing carbon emissions despite challenges, with emphasis on CCUS technology to achieve net-zero goals by 2050. Defends domestic oil and gas production as better than imports due to stricter regulation and lower transportation emissions. Acknowledges the role of North sea industry in transitioning towards net zero but criticises impact of energy profits levy on smaller independent operators.

Congratulates the right hon. Member for South Northamptonshire on initiating the debate; discusses the three-legged stool metaphor representing affordability, security, and decarbonisation; emphasises that there is no single solution to address energy challenges and advocates for a balanced approach involving various technologies including tidal energy; highlights the importance of local benefit schemes where communities see financial returns from renewable projects; raises concerns about the current market regulation making it difficult for areas with excess renewable generation to maximise benefits; criticises SSE's practices in paying feed-in tariff payments; mentions Orkney’s European Marine Energy Centre and its role in tidal stream energy development; supports government initiatives but expresses concern over specific policies like ringfenced pots; argues against the binary choice between renewables and hydrocarbons, advocating for a transition that includes both; suggests managing supply and demand alongside increasing storage and smart grid technology.

Mullan thanked his right hon. Friend for framing the issue as an energy trilemma, highlighting Europe’s reliance on Russia for energy supplies and criticising past political complacency regarding this issue. He argued that there is a need to prioritise security through innovative solutions such as deep geothermal heat and energy. Mullan outlined how deep geothermal technology can provide environmentally friendly, dependable, and cost-effective sources of heat and energy, citing examples from Paris, Munich, and Germany. He also noted the potential for deep geothermal to meet UK heating needs for at least 100 years, providing up to 15,000 GWh of heat by 2050. Mullan further called for targeted Government support to encourage industry growth in this sector.

Welcomed the debate on balancing energy affordability, security of supply and sustainability. Emphasised the need for clean energy solutions generated domestically to reduce reliance on international fossil fuels markets. Highlighted significant progress under the current government in reducing coal use and increasing renewable sources but questioned the sustainability of some biomass projects. Advocated for better grid access for small-scale renewables producers and community energy schemes, suggesting fair terms for selling excess power back to the grid. Raised concerns about the strike price for floating offshore wind projects and called for more flexible negotiations with developers to avoid missing out on potential opportunities in the Celtic Sea. Called for accurate carbon cost calculations including transportation costs of raw materials.

The speaker thanked the right hon. Member for South Northamptonshire, Dame Andrea Leadsom, for securing the debate and praised her role as chair of the 1922 Back-Bench business committee. She emphasised that energy issues have moved up the agenda to a point where they now merit a stand-alone Department. The trilemma of cost, security, and achieving net zero ambitions affects every household and business globally. Jo Gideon highlighted the potential of renewable energy sources like offshore wind as the backbone of the UK’s future electricity system, noting that solar and wind produced nearly 30% of the UK’s electricity in 2020, a tenfold increase since 2010. She also stressed the importance of onshore wind despite its challenges, welcoming Government policy shifts to consult local authorities about new installations. The speaker discussed intermittency issues with renewables and suggested solutions such as battery storage and grid pricing reform. Additionally, Jo Gideon pointed out hurdles for UK ceramics businesses in transitioning from gas to electricity due to high connection costs and delays. She advocated for methods of storing renewably generated energy to ensure continuous supply and highlighted the potential of deep geothermal plants for decarbonisation by 2035. The speaker also raised concerns about food production costs, advocating for support for British farmers with energy expenses to reduce reliance on imports. Overall, she emphasised the need for a green industrial revolution to address these challenges effectively.

Agrees with the need to unlock renewables and reduce demand by increasing energy efficiency installations. He notes that ECO4 roll-out is not progressing as quickly as suppliers would like. Welcomes the new Department for Energy Security and Net Zero but criticises Ofgem's failure in grid upgrades, leading to wasted £4 billion constraint payments. Emphasises the importance of proper forward planning and scaling up green electricity generation in Scotland, highlighting projects such as MeyGen and the need for adequate funding. Supports the continued utilisation of oil and gas while advocating against nuclear energy investment due to high costs and delays.

The debate, while interesting, did not focus solely on the energy trilemma. Alan Whitehead acknowledged the importance of speeding up planning for grid development and connections as highlighted in the 1922 Back-Bench committee report. He emphasised that achieving net zero outcomes must consider affordability and security without compromising the sustainability leg of the trilemma. He also advocated for reducing dependency on foreign hydrocarbon imports, while ensuring domestic production aligns with net-zero goals.

Welcomed contributions from Members and acknowledged the creation of a new Department for Energy Security and Net Zero. Emphasised the Government's clear plan to deliver energy security, affordability, and decarbonisation as outlined in the Energy White Paper and the Net Zero Strategy. Mentioned the role of wind and solar in reducing reliance on imported fuels.

Called for urgent action to address energy security issues, noting agreement with Conservative members despite political differences.