Katie Lam argues that for nearly three decades, migration to the UK has been too high. She notes that every election-winning manifesto since 1974 has promised to reduce migration yet net migration remains above 100,000 people per year since 1997. She highlights poor data quality on migration and its impact on public policy, pointing out gaps in entry-exit checks, asylum system tracking, fiscal contributions, crime statistics, illegal migrants, and deportation targets. Lam emphasises the need for comprehensive and accurate data to assess migration's true impacts and inform better decisions about who should come into the country.