← Back to House of Commons Debates
Post-16 Education and Skills Strategy 2025-10-20
20 October 2025
Lead MP
The Secretary of State for Education Bridget Phillipson
Debate Type
Ministerial Statement
Tags
Economy
Other Contributors: 32
At a Glance
The Secretary of State for Education Bridget Phillipson raised concerns about post-16 education and skills strategy 2025-10-20 in the House of Commons. A government minister responded. Other MPs also contributed.
How the Debate Unfolded
MPs spoke in turn to share their views and ask questions. Here's what each person said:
Government Statement
Today, I am updating the House on the Government's work to transform further and higher education in response to global changes such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, green energy, and new technologies. The previous government undervalued colleges and technical education, leading to a decline in apprenticeship starts for young people. Our vision is a skills system that drives growth, is balanced and responsive, and reflects the evolving world of work. We are publishing our post-16 education and skills White Paper to seize opportunities, deliver economic growth, and empower communities. The strategy aims to fill skilled vacancies with top-quality training, introduce foundation apprenticeships and shorter courses in priority sectors funded by the growth and skills levy, invest £187 million for digital skills and AI learning, £182 million for engineering, £182 million for defence talent pipeline, and £625 million to train 60,000 more construction workers. We are also rolling out V-levels as a new vocational pathway alongside A-levels and T-levels. The Government is investing an additional £800 million for young people in colleges and sixth forms next year. Our ambition is for two-thirds of young people to pursue high-level learning, whether academic, technical or apprenticeships. We are introducing targeted maintenance grants for disadvantaged students funded by a levy on international student fees. Universities will work with colleges to offer level 4 and 5 qualifications. Tuition fee caps for higher education providers will increase in line with forecast inflation, and we will future-proof the maintenance loan offer by increasing it annually.
Laura Trott
Con
Sevenoaks
Question
I welcome the continuation of reforms but need clarity on whether V-levels are a rebranded version or completely new qualification. What is happening with BTECs, Cambridge technicals and other applied general qualifications? Are they being scrapped? Consolidating 900 qualifications into how many? How will employers be involved in shaping these courses?
Minister reply
The Government's vision includes rigorous study pathways for young people with V-levels sitting alongside A-levels and T-levels. We aim to simplify the post-16 qualification landscape by consolidating 900 qualifications into fewer but more coherent ones, ensuring employer involvement in shaping courses.
Helen Hayes
Lab
Dulwich and West Norwood
Question
I welcome the statement on FE but there are two key contributors to quality not mentioned: a 15% pay gap between teachers in schools and colleges, which is a barrier to recruitment and retention; inability of FE colleges to reclaim VAT, which impacts their infrastructure development. How does the Secretary of State plan to address these issues?
Minister reply
We recognise the importance of addressing such issues to ensure that further education colleges are engines of growth and opportunity in our communities. We will continue to invest in initial training for FE teachers, professional development opportunities, and tie up with industries to enhance their expertise and skills.
Ian Sollom
LD
St Neots and Mid Cambridgeshire
Question
There are three critical issues: V-levels, lifelong learning, and the international student levy. Why recreate BTECs if they already work well? Will support for upskilling be sufficient given the cuts to over-21 apprenticeships in shortage professions like nursing and social work? Is the modelling of the student levy transparent enough?
Minister reply
We aim to simplify the qualifications landscape but will ensure a smooth transition. For lifelong learning, we are working on ensuring that support is robust despite some cuts. Regarding the international student levy, we have made commitments to maintain maintenance grants and will work towards transparency in modelling its impact.
Robert Jenrick
Lab
Wolverhampton North East
Question
Can the Minister confirm that V-level qualifications show this Government have listened to the education sector, employers and students, allowing more young people greater choice in achieving their pathway to a successful future?
Minister reply
Yes, V-levels offer genuine choices for young people to pursue several interests before specialising. They will be linked to skills and knowledge that employers need, providing a good range of options for all young people.
Stuart Anderson
Con
South Shropshire
Question
What consideration has been given to the position of students with special educational needs and disabilities in rural constituencies which can pose challenges?
Minister reply
We recognise the challenges faced by people in rural communities accessing work placements for T-level courses. We continue to work with businesses and colleges to ensure availability, and FE colleges already lead on good provision for young people transitioning from specialist to mainstream provision.
Steve Race
Lab
Exeter
Question
How will the reforms raise standards for every child in Exeter to help them reach their full potential?
Minister reply
Technical excellence colleges, including those in my hon. Friend’s community, will act as hubs of excellence offering advanced facilities, expert staff and high-quality curricula developed with industry, raising standards across FE.
Stratford-on-Avon
Question
Will the Secretary of State look again at further education funding streams such as letting colleges reclaim VAT?
Minister reply
We are investing nearly £800 million extra in 16 to 19 funding next year, alongside capital investment over £2 billion. We will continue to seek ways to improve FE funding.
Andrew Cooper
Lab
Mid Cheshire
Question
What role can the Secretary of State see mayoral combined authorities having in setting strategic direction and providing governance for post-16 education?
Minister reply
We think there is an important role for our mayoral strategic authorities, especially when it comes to supporting colleges and making sure we have good link-up between colleges and businesses.
Louie French
Con
Old Bexley and Sidcup
Question
Who did the Secretary of State consult on cutting IB funding for sixth forms, and will she apologise to schools left in limbo by her approach?
Minister reply
We sought to refocus the programme uplift on maths and STEM for those studying four or more A-levels. There will be transitional protections for affected schools, ensuring students can still study for the IB.
Mohammad Yasin
Lab
Bedford
Question
Can the Secretary of State confirm that new qualifications to better prepare students for GCSE English and maths resits will be fully funded?
Minister reply
We are investing more in further education with £800 million extra next year. We have also brought in new foundation apprenticeships, providing more opportunities for young people to understand a broad range of offers within an area before deciding to specialise.
Julian Lewis
Con
New Forest East
Question
What are the main distinguishing features of T-levels and V-levels, and what in broad terms are the likely differences in career outcomes?
Minister reply
T-levels represent three A-levels; they are high-quality technical routes. Alongside A-levels, there will be V-levels providing opportunities for young people to combine study of both academic and vocational qualifications.
Jen Craft
Lab
Thurrock
Question
Will she commit to working towards closing the legislative gap where children between ages 16-19 with SEND cannot access home-to-school transport?
Minister reply
I recognise the passion and expertise that my hon. Friend brings to this subject, and I would be happy to discuss that issue in more detail.
Tim Farron
LD
Westmorland and Lonsdale
Question
What will the Secretary of State do to address travel costs preventing young people from rural communities accessing vocational studies through FE colleges?
Minister reply
We acknowledge the challenges faced by students in rural areas. We are committed to addressing such barriers, ensuring that more young people can stay in further education.
Andrew Pakes
Lab
Peterborough
Question
Can my right hon. Friend tell us more about how career services and good quality advice will be at the heart of reinvigorating vocational qualifications in Peterborough and the country?
Minister reply
We will ensure that young people have good careers guidance and work experience, with an automatic backstop for all 16-year-olds guaranteeing them a further education place in reserve to ensure those at risk of dropping out are given support.
Blake Stephenson
Con
Mid Bedfordshire
Question
Does the Secretary of State think it is responsible for her to balance the books of her Department on the back of the NHS?
Minister reply
We have refocused our skills system on young people, ensuring that under-22s continue to be eligible for level 7 funding and making no apology for prioritising opportunities for young people.
Jessica Toale
Lab
Bournemouth West
Question
Can the Secretary of State tell me how this White Paper supports those types of training programmes and supports those young people to thrive?
Minister reply
We recognise the critical role that many non-formal providers play in supporting young people, whether through mentoring or ongoing support.
Ann Davies
PC
Caerfyrddin
Question
Will she be lobbying the Chancellor ahead of the Budget to ensure that Wales has a fair funding settlement that would support apprenticeships?
Minister reply
Wales and Scotland have secured big post-devolution settlements, but we will continue to address any issues as needed.
Abtisam Mohamed
Lab
Sheffield Central
Question
Will the Secretary of State join me in affirming that the Government are committed to ensuring equal access and full support for the disadvantaged?
Minister reply
We have taken a decision to increase fees while providing more support around maintenance loans, starting the process of introducing new targeted maintenance grants for less well-off students.
Mid Sussex
Question
How does she propose to do that while still maintaining the pay gap for FE staff compared with teachers in other educational settings?
Minister reply
We are investing more this year in further education, and there will be £800 million more next year into 16-to-19 education to make a big difference.
Lauren Edwards
Lab
Rochester and Strood
Question
Can she outline how the White Paper will address the capacity issues that a lot of colleges and sixth forms are experiencing?
Minister reply
We prioritise investing in 16-to-19 funding for our colleges, ensuring more capital is available to create places necessary.
Vikki Slade
LD
Mid Dorset and North Poole
Question
Where a young person fails a second time, there is no funding for colleges to move them across into that other pathway. Will she comment on that?
Minister reply
We have issued new guidance to give institutions a clearer direction on the teaching of English and maths in further education.
Sam Carling
Lab
North West Cambridgeshire
Question
How can we break down these barriers so that young people are not held back in life?
Minister reply
We aim to tackle the issue of a third of 16-year-olds not achieving grade 4 or above at GCSE, with white working-class pupils more than twice as likely to need resits.
Shockat Adam
Ind
Leicester South
Question
When will the Secretary of State outline a dedicated post-16 strategy for young people with learning difficulties and disabilities?
Minister reply
We are committed to supporting young people with learning difficulties, ensuring they have the necessary support to transition into full-time work.
Jacob Collier
Lab
Burton and Uttoxeter
Question
In my constituency, major employers offer excellent apprenticeships but the number of places is limited. They have told me that they would welcome the ability to share unsuccessful applications with similar employers such as small and medium-sized enterprises in their supply chains, rather than being lost to the system. What can the Education Secretary do to encourage such collaboration between employers to boost the take-up of high-quality apprenticeships?
Minister reply
My hon. Friend sets out an interesting approach that allows employers to work more effectively together. The White Paper aims for a coherent system that is easier for both students and employers to navigate, but I would be happy to hear more about his constituency's initiatives and consider whether there are wider lessons we can take into the Department.
Torbay
Question
Torquay Boys’ grammar school has long delivered the international baccalaureate. My own eldest son, George, has benefited from that and under the scheme, he volunteered in a care home before becoming a registrar for care of the elderly. However, the head of Torquay Boys’ last Friday expressed concern about social mobility impacts on delivering languages. Will the Secretary of State reconsider these cuts to the international baccalaureate?
Minister reply
We are discussing a relatively small number of students; colleges and schools will retain the freedom to offer their preferred study programmes, but we have decided to reprioritise funding towards industrial strategy priorities such as STEM subjects. There will be transitional protections for institutions currently offering the international baccalaureate.
Amanda Hack
Lab
North West Leicestershire
Question
I welcome the statement, including the key commitment to breaking down barriers to opportunities for young people. However, in my constituency, kids are often locked out of vital opportunities due to a lack of transport. What work is being done with transport colleagues to challenge this barrier and ensure those young people have access to technical qualifications?
Minister reply
I recognise the challenge posed by rural communities and areas facing fragmented transport networks. We are taking action on bus services to provide more opportunities for young people to study, grow businesses, and gain other opportunities. Mayors across the country are leading initiatives to bring together a better offer for young people.
Esher and Walton
Question
I welcome the Government’s focus on vocational skills but fear that schools in my constituency will struggle with qualification changes, and 2027 seems too soon. Colleges like Esher sixth form college deliver BTECs successfully for years. What assurance can the Secretary of State give to those colleges about support during this transition?
Minister reply
There will be a full consultation on these reforms, but in the interim period, we will retain funding for qualifications with 719 guided learning hours or below until V-levels are introduced for that area.
Adnan Hussain
Ind
Blackburn
Question
I welcome the statement. In Blackburn, I have been working with our college and jobcentre to help young people access real opportunities but investment is lacking in one of the most deprived areas. What strategy will the Secretary of State employ to ensure skills funding truly reaches places like Blackburn?
Minister reply
We are investing more in further education and schools, recognising that one in seven young people aged 16-24 are not in education, employment, or training (NEET). Many measures aim to give young people the support they need. I will respond to his specific point about ESOL if he writes to me.
Gareth Snell
Lab/Co-op
Stoke-on-Trent Central
Question
The V-levels provide an exciting opportunity for vocational qualifications, but colleges are deeply worried about the defunding of BTECs from 2026-27. Will she give a commitment that BTEC funding will continue until V-levels are in place?
Minister reply
To ease the transition to V-levels, we will retain funding for qualifications with 719 guided learning hours or below in T-level areas until new V-levels are introduced for that area.
West Dunbartonshire
Question
We have new technical excellence colleges, defence academies, and clean energy colleges but not in Scotland due to devolved further education. The Scottish Auditor General’s report showed funding for Scottish colleges cut by 20%. Does the Secretary of State agree that only Scottish Labour can stop the SNP from robbing Scots of opportunities?
Minister reply
I strongly agree with my hon. Friend. Colleges in Scotland have had a 20% real-terms funding cut this parliamentary session, according to Audit Scotland. The SNP Government are accused of guillotining the sector and reducing apprenticeship starts by nearly a third in eight years. Scotland now needs a new First Minister in the shape of Anas Sarwar.
Knowsley
Question
Nearly 6% of Knowsley’s 16 to 17-year-olds are not in employment, education or training—one of the highest rates in the country. Can the Secretary of State tell me how measures outlined in the White Paper will ensure that Knowsley’s young people get opportunities their potential deserves?
Minister reply
One measure is an automatic backstop for all 16-year-olds guaranteeing them a further education place and wraparound support to remain in education or training. We know the damage of not getting this support before the academic year, and I would be happy to discuss expanded provision with her.
Shadow Comment
Laura Trott
Shadow Comment
I welcome any continuation of reforms that simplify the post-16 qualification landscape, but without the White Paper it is unclear whether V-levels are simply a rebranded version or a completely new qualification. The announcement raises fundamental questions about the fate of BTECs, Cambridge technicals, and other applied general qualifications. I am deeply concerned by reports suggesting lower-level qualifications aimed at white working-class children, which could be seen as an insult to their capabilities and ambition. We reject any plan that lowers expectations for disadvantaged youth.
▸
Assessment & feedback
Summary accuracy
About House of Commons Debates
House of Commons debates take place in the main chamber of the House of Commons. These debates cover a wide range of topics including government policy, legislation, and current affairs. MPs from all parties can participate, question ministers, and hold the government accountable for its decisions.